Climate information

Kazan climate is temperate continental with warm summers and moderately cold winters. On the average per year sunshine duration is 1916 hours. The amount of total solar radiation per year in the district of Kazan is about 3,900 MJ/m2, radiate balance - 1350 MJ/m2, from November to February it is negative. The duration of sunshine per year on average is 1916 hours. The period from April to August is the most solar one. The number of clear, cloudy and rainy days in a year is  27, 183 and consequently 155. Lower cloudiness is 4.0 and total is 6.8 points. The most cloudy month is November (the lowest cloudiness - 6.0 points, total is 8.2 points), the least - July (the lowest is 2.9 points, total is 5.4).

Weather and climate are mostly defined by atmospheric circulation, and especially by predominance of western air currents, that is why, Atlantic air currents that soften and moisturize on the local climate have a great influence on it. Besides, air masses formed in the other areas including Arctic and sharply continental once come here. The cold air from the Arctic comes to this territory from the northwest, north and northeast. Occasionally it comes from southeast, turning around the Ural Mountains from the south. In summer tropical air comes from south-west, south and south-east, it causes a sharp warming. In winter from Siberia cold continental air of from midlatitudes comes and it leads the establishment of party cloudy, frosty weather. In General, western and south-western flows prevail, so that is why they’re the climate is less continental than in east and south-east. 

The processes of weather formation and peculiarities of climate are greatly influenced by cyclonic and anticyclone macrocirculation forms of the atmosphere motion. They cause both zonal and meridional movements of different air masses. Cyclones are usually accompanied by rapid and abrupt weather changes with a strongly developed cloudiness, precipitation and impetuous winds. Calm and overcast weather prevails in anticyclones. The frequency of occurrence of cyclonic processes in the Middle Volga region on the average is 173 days (47%) in a year, and anticyclonic processes - 192 days (53%).

The mean annual atmospheric pressure is 1002 hPa. The monthly mean pressure changes from 1006 hPa (February) to 997 hPa (June-July). The mean annual temperature in Kazan (1951-2011 years.) is amounted to 4.0 degrees. An important peculiarity of Kazan climate, as well as of the most part of Russia, is the presence existence of two very different periods of warm (April-October) with positive temperatures and cold (November-March) with negative temperatures and stable snow cover. The warmest month of the year is July, its average air temperature is 20.3 °C. January is the coldest month of the year with average air temperature is -12.0 ° C. The absolute air temperature maximum was 39°C (August 2010), the absolute minimum -47°C (January, 1942).
 
The annual average relative humidity is 75%. Monthly averages of relative humidity varies from 53% (May) to 85% (November-December).

Tatarstan rainfall area belongs to the zone of moderate humidity; the annual amount of precipitation is 533 mm (1951-2011 years). The highest rainfall occurs in July (67 mm), and the smallest - in March (28 mm). The amount of precipitation in some years may deviate significantly from the average value. Precipitation in the form of liquid (rain) is about 70%, in solid (snow) - 20%, mixed precipitation - 10%). In summer there is only liquid form precipitation, except hail.

In the period of negative average daily temperature, precipitation falls in the shape of snow, forming a snow cover. It is formed not at once, because usually warming that comes, quickly destroys it. In Kazan the period between the appearance of the first snow (late October - early November) and stable snow cover (second decade of November) is about 20 days.  The number of days with snow cover is about 150 days. The height of a snow cover is the largest one in March - 53 sm.

In Kazan the prevalent wind directions during a cold period and a year are southern, western and south-east. The northern and north-west winds are dominated during summer. The winter period is characterized by stronger winds than a summer one. Average wind speeds are small, annual average wind speed is about 3 m/s, but in some cases gusts can exceed 30 m/s. In Kazan there may be dangerous meteorological phenomena as squall, strong winds, snow storms, rain, snow, fog, heat, frost, and great hail.

High probability of heavy rains, the rain and wind (20-30%).

The average stroke of monthly air`s temperature (C) in July in the city of Kazan (1983 to 2012 years)

The frequency of occurrence of wind directions (%) in July in Kazan (1983-2012 years)

Precipitation (mm) in July in Kazan (1983-2012  years)